Cast off or slip and bind-means to end a stitch. You cast off a stitch by knitting two stitches then passing the first stitch over the next stitch and off the needle.
Cast on- Beginning new stitches. There are several methods to cast on stitches. See video demonstrations.
(Dec)- Decrease a stitch is done by one of two methods. You can simply knit two stitches together OR you can slip one stitch, knit the next and then pass the slipped stitch overtop of the knit stitch.
Fasten On - Joining two yarns together and knitting a few stitches with both threads.
Hang- a vintage term for casting on stitches.
(Inc) Increasing a stitch is done by knitting a stitch in the front and then, without removing the needle, knitting stitch in the back loop of the same stitch.
K1- knit one
P1- purl one
Rib stitch is made by alternating knit and purl stitches.
Ribbed stitch, purl, seam stitch, turned stitch are all vintage terms for the purl stitch.
A Ridge is created by two rows of garter stitch (knit only) when knit on two needles.
Slip stitch, passed stitch, take off- is the term from simply moving one stitch from one needle to the other without knitting it.
A Turn means two rows.
To Turn means going from one row of knit to a row of purl or vise versa in stocking stitch.
(YF), (YO) A Loop Stitch, sometimes called making a stitch or lapping over the thread or Yarn Forward or Yarn Over is made by bringing the yard to the front as if to purl but then knitting the next stitch thus creating a new stitch on the needle.